Bibliography
This bibliography is organised by chapter, listing the sources underlying the named techniques and classification systems used in the text, whether named explicitly in the prose or taught by description. It reflects the practical, working nature of this manual, rather than an exhaustive literature review. The Thiersch procedure, introduced in Chapter 14, is deliberately not cited separately here, since that chapter itself directs the reader to the full historical account in the author's companion volume, A Surgeon's History of Anorectal Disease.
Chapter 1 — Applied Anatomy and Physiology of the Anorectum
Goligher JC. Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. 5th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1984.
Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.
Chapter 2 — History-Taking in Anorectal Disease
Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR, editors. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 27th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018.
Chapter 3 — Clinical Examination, General Approach
Talley NJ, O'Connor S. Clinical Examination: A Systematic Guide to Physical Diagnosis. 8th ed. Sydney: Elsevier; 2018.
Chapter 4 — Inspection
Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB, editors. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer; 2016.
Chapter 5 — Palpation and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
Corman ML, Nicholls RJ, Fazio VW, Bergamaschi R, editors. Corman's Colon and Rectal Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
Chapter 6 — Proctoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy
Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB, editors. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer; 2016.
Chapter 7 — Formulating a Provisional Diagnosis
Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR, editors. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 27th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018.
Chapter 8 — Relevant Investigations
Corman ML, Nicholls RJ, Fazio VW, Bergamaschi R, editors. Corman's Colon and Rectal Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
Chapter 9 — Arriving at a Final Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB, editors. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer; 2016.
Chapter 10 — Haemorrhoids (Piles)
Milligan ETC, Morgan CN, Jones LE, Officer R. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids. Lancet. 1937;230(5959):1119-1124.
Goligher JC. Haemorrhoids or piles. In: Goligher JC, Duthie HL, Nixon HH, editors. Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. 4th ed. London: Baillière Tindall; 1980.
Chapter 11 — Fissure-in-Ano
Eisenhammer S. The surgical correction of chronic internal anal (sphincteric) contracture. S Afr Med J. 1951;25(29):486-489.
Notaras MJ. Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for anal fissure — a new technique. Proc R Soc Med. 1969;62(7):713.
Chapter 12 — Fistula-in-Ano
Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JD. A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg. 1976;63(1):1-12.
Chapter 14 — Rectal Prolapse
Delorme E. Sur le traitement des prolapsus du rectum totaux par l'excision de la muqueuse rectale ou rectocolique. Bull Mem Soc Chir Paris. 1900;26:499-518.
Altemeier WA, Culbertson WR, Schowengerdt C, Hunt J. Nineteen years' experience with the one-stage perineal repair of rectal prolapse. Ann Surg. 1971;173(6):993-1006.
Chapter 18 — Anal Stenosis
Milsom JW, Mazier WP. Classification and management of postsurgical anal stenosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1986;163(1):60-64.
Chapter 19 — Pilonidal Sinus Disease
Karydakis GE. New approach to the problem of pilonidal sinus. Lancet. 1973;2(7843):1414-1415.
Bascom J. Pilonidal disease: origin from follicles of hairs and results of follicle removal as treatment. Surgery. 1980;87(5):567-572.
Chapter 20 — Anal Incontinence
Jorge JM, Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36(1):77-97.
Chapter 21 — Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury (OASI)
Sultan AH. Obstetric perineal injury and anal incontinence. Clin Risk. 1999;5(6):193-196.
Chapter 22 — Complete Anal Sphincter Complex Tear, Secondary Repair
Parks AG, McPartlin JF. Late repair of injuries of the anal sphincter. Proc R Soc Med. 1971;64(12):1187-1189.
Slade MS, Goldberg SM, Schottler JL, Balcos EG, Christenson CE. Sphincteroplasty for acquired anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1977;20(1):33-35.
Chapter 26 — Anorectal Malignancy
Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al, editors. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer; 2017.
Chapter 27 — Anorectal Trauma and Foreign Bodies
Cologne KG, Ault GT. Rectal foreign bodies: what is the current standard? Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2012;25(4):214-218.
Chapter 28 — Anorectal Manifestations of Systemic and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, et al. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol. 2005;19(Suppl A):5A-36A.
Chapter 29 — OPB-MOLIS: Technique, Indications, and Outcomes
OPB-MOLIS is the author's own technique. It is a modification of standard lateral internal sphincterotomy, and builds on the foundational sources already cited under Chapter 11 (Eisenhammer 1951; Notaras 1969), rather than a separate external source.
Chapter 30 — Special Applications, Bilateral and Contralateral MOLIS
This chapter extends the author's own OPB-MOLIS technique, described fully in Chapter 29, and does not draw on a separate external source.
End of Manual
